The Indians allowed a contingent of troops, led by William Tecumseh Sherman, to pass unmolested however, they ambushed a group of teamsters from the Warren Wagon Train Company who were delivering supplies to Fort Griffin and killed seven. In May of 1871, dozens of Kiowas and Comanches, who considered themselves on the warpath, left Fort Sill to hide out along the old stagecoach road by the Salt Creek in Young County. Seeing this slow-moving destruction, soldiers in Fort Sill did not stop the men from leaving the reservation to go on expeditions to secure food. The men became restless and the women and children started to go hungry alcoholism became a scourge in the tribes. The tribes were supposed to stay on their reservations to become farmers and await their monthly allotments. Part of the treaties stipulated that the Plains Indians must give up their nomadic lifestyle, which meant that hunting and trading were no longer allowed. Some of these forays were staged from inside the reservations. While some peace-bands acquiesced to the treaties, the war bands continued their raids. The Comanches, Arapahoes, Apaches, Cheyennes, and Kiowas resisted. Yet another way was by re-establishing frontier forts: the army built Forts Sill, Richardson, and Griffin, and Camp Aurgur to monitor reconstruction efforts and enforce Indian removals into Indian Territory. Another way was through the merciless hunting of the bison, which also assisted in railroad building and cattle driving. in the 1830s due to their divided loyalties during the Civil War. government had voided prior treaties with the tribes it removed from the southeastern U.S. These lands, by the way, had been part of the Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole, and Cherokee nations the U.S. One way was that in 1867, the Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty between the United States and the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, Apache, and other tribes attempted to assure peace by setting aside lands in Indian Territory. Her return to Anglo society did not last long, however she died within two years of her rescue.Īfter the Civil War, the federal government sought to wipe out the Plains Indians in multiple ways in order to populate the Great Plains with farmers and industry through the Homestead Act of 1862. She was successfully ransomed through a series of traders until finally, she was reunited with her kin. The Parkers and Plummers, with help from Sam Houston, ransomed for the children they could find, including Rachel. For over two years she moved with the Comanche band from camp to camp, at times finding kindness and at other times having to fight for her life. Once inside the camp, Rachel was forced to work as a hide tanner. The Comanche men dragged her newborn baby through cactii until it was dead, and she endured repeated "outrages" (rapes). While Cynthia Ann, James Plummer, and John Parker were adopted into the tribe and learned to live as Comanches, Rachel Plummer's fate was horrific. They killed most of the men and women and kidnapped Rachel Plummer, Cynthia Ann Parker, James Plummer, and John Parker. The Parker and Plummer families had built a protective fort around their farm, but the Comanches raided it, anyway. One of the most famous kidnappings happened near today's Mexia, Limestone County, Texas in 1836. This meteorite was also used by the Taovayans for medicine it's interesting to note that the theft of the medicine stone coincided with increased disease and warfare for both the Wichitas and the Comanches. The largest of these stones was po-a-cat-le-pi-le-carre, a 1,600 lbs iron boulder that was stolen in 1806 by Henry Glass, an Anglo American trader, whose expedition may have been paid for by John Sibley, the Indian Agent based in Natchitoches. They prayed and offered tributes to at least three meteorites in the North Texas prairies, which they named, signifying their importance. Like the Wichitas, the Comanches revered meteorites as medicine. The medicine people received tributes and in return, offered tokens that could act as medicine, such as a pouch filled with herbs or a special rock. Medicine men and Medicine women were the healers and soothsayers who helped individuals if they were sick, needed some metaphysical assistance (like love potions and the like), or desired guidance. The Comanche belief system relied on medicine.
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